Cognitive Bias And Marketing – The Forces That Drive Us

When it comes to Cognitive Bias And Marketing, realize that we have dozens of Cognitive biases. You know, the invisible forces that drive 99.9% of our daily lives. And while there is a wealth of information on these biases, most of us operate without a clue they exist. If you’ve ever made a choice based on your “gut” or some “unknown” force, even though all the research and evidence said otherwise, you’ve experienced your cognitive biases at work. But don’t fret. You’re not alone.

How to Influence Culture and Drive Change

In terms of marketing, there are a few major biases we should focus on. The first being Confirmation Bias. By definition, Confirmation bias, is the tendency to search for, interpret, favour, and recall information in a way that confirms one’s preexisting beliefs or hypotheses. (Wikipedia)

What the hell does this mean? Well, it means people tend to agree with what they agree with and ignore the rest. And the rise of the Internet, especially social media, has only made it worse. As we now can create our own echo chambers of content, surrounding ourselves with individuals and news that say “you’re right!” and very little else. If you’ve ever noticed an ad on Facebook that seems to “speak to you”, the advertiser played right into your Confirmation bias. Or when someone you know enthusiastically says: “oh I love that coffee shop.” you will now be more inclined to go to that coffee shop.

What Are Cognitive Biases, and Why Do They Matter in Marketing?

For cognitive bias and marketing, this means finding people who will put your messaging in their echo chamber of confirmation bias – otherwise known as early adopters. These are the people who either a) haven’t established a confirmation bias towards a similar brand or b) have recently been disappointed by their selected brand and are open to something new. However, the window for group B is small and you need to blow them away – or they’ll go back to the “other guys.”

Leveraging Echo Chambers

The second bias is the Status quo bias. By definition the Status quo bias is an emotional bias; a preference for the current state of affairs. (Wikipedia)

This is the bias the drives the vast majority of head-scratching purchases. An often-used example is when people fly. We’ll choose the airport and airline we know over the more convenient airport because of the Status quo bias. People don’t get fired by booking a flight to Toronto that doesn’t arrive on time. But heads will roll if you book a flight to lesser-known Waterloo Regional Airport or Simcoe County Airport and the flight is delayed. Toronto = status quo.
This is critical to respect, especially in our “disrupt” and “innovate” culture. Most of the time, the known will beat the unknown. Of course, there are examples to the contrary, Airbnb and Uber are standouts, but generally speaking we tend to stay the course. And both Airbnb and Uber have pointed to other biases, such as Social comparison bias, Confirmation bias, and Appeal to novelty, as well as their ranking systems for their success. But if you don’t have a brand driven by social ranking (which, let’s be honest – everything is) you don’t have that leverage.
So the goal: Become the Status quo.
This one is hard. This is the one where you show up every day, deliver a great product or service, and then do it again the next day. But drip by drip, you’ll turn one customer into two, into four etc. And as word of mouth spreads (still #1 way to get more business) the more you’ll become the Status Quo. Then, when someone asks “where should we eat tonight?” or “what car should I buy,” your name will be top of mind.

Becoming the Default Choice

And last but not least: The IKEA effect, which is a cognitive bias in which consumers place a disproportionately high value on products they partially created. (Wikipedia)

It is crazy to think that people will value something they’ve made over something that has a true higher value. Yet it’s been proven time and time again. And not just by IKEA. In study after study, participants were asked to create something (a painting, sculpture etc.). When a participant was asked “what do you think this is worth?” they would historically overvalue their creation – by a lot. Why? Because when we create something we give it meaning. Regardless of the quality or aesthetics of it.
As an extension of this effect, we also value items that are perceived to be “handcrafted.” We like the imperfections because we know it was created by hand versus a faceless, efficient machine that is flawless. Sounds silly, right? Because it is. If a machine can build a car that is 99% flawless, why would a handcrafted car, flaws and all, be more expensive? Because we value craft, we value creation.
Let people have a part of the creation and/or amp up the handcrafted elements. This is why a massive manufacture like Apple will say “Designed in California” to give the perception of a “handcrafted product.”

There are many more invisible drivers that make up our lives, but for marketers, these are three big ones.

Does your brand need a little assistance in making biases work for you? Contact our marketing consultants now.

 

Next Up: Perception vs. Reality

And here is a little taste
While technically Perception bias has its roots in healthcare, the reality is that perception encompasses these three biases, as well as the vast majority of the cognitive bias codex. As they say, there are always three sides to every story, but the only one that matters is the one you believe – and to me, that so cleanly encompasses what Perception is all about.
Until next time.
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